摘要:随着社会经济的发展,高速公路运输需求日益增长,交通拥挤严重,安全事故频频发生。这一问题己成为长期困扰人们的难题。高速公路电子监控系统作为智能交通运输系统的一部分,对该问题的解决给出了可行的方案。Abstract:withthedevelopmentofsocialeconomy,highwaytransportationdemandisgrowing,trafficcongestionisserious,thesafetyaccidentoccurredfrequently.Thisproblemhasbecomealong-termprobleminpeople.Highwayelectronicmonitoringsystemaspartoftheintelligenttransportationsystem,thefeasibleschemeispresentedtoresolvetheproblem. 关键词:高速公路;电子监控系统;应用Keywords:thehighway;Electronicmonitoringsystem;application Abstract:Withthesocialandeconomicdevelopment,highways,thegrowingtransportdemand,trafficcongestionserioussecurityincidentsoccurfrequently.Ithasbeenalongplaguedthepeopleproblem.Highwayelectronicmonitoringsystemaspartofintelligenttransportsystems,thesolutiontotheproblemgivesafeasiblesolution.Abstract:Withthesocialandeconomicdevelopment,highways,andthegrowingtransportdemand,trafficcongestionserioussecurityincidentsoccurfrequently.Ithashadalongplaguedthepeopleproblem.Takingelectronicmonitoringsystemaspartofintelligenttransportsystems,thesolutiontotheproblemgivesafeasiblesolution. Keywords:freeway;electronicmonitoringsystem;applicationKeywords:freeway;Electronicmonitoringsystem;Application 1高速公路监控系统概述1summaryofexpresswaymonitoringsystem 高速公路交通工程机电系统由收费系统、监控系统、通信系统三大系统,以及照明通风系统和供配电系统组成。收费系统对道路的使用者按既定的费率征收通行费,以回收道路建设投资。通信系统为收费和监控系统提供信息传输的通道。监控系统作为三大系统的重要组成部分之一,对高速公路交通流状态和交通环境进行监测,并根据需要对交通流进行诱导和控制,保证车辆运行畅通、减少交通事故、降低事故的危害性。高速公路监控系统由外场监控设施、站场监控室和各级监控中心组成,是实现高速公路运行管理的重要手段。Highwaytrafficengineeringmechanicalandelectricalsystemconsistsofchargingsystem,monitoringsystem,communicationsystem,thethreesystems,ventilationandlightingsystemandpowersupplyanddistributionsystem.Chargesystemforroadusersaccordingtotheestablishedratecollectingtolls,recyclingroadconstructioninvestment.Communicationsystemforchargingandmonitoringsystemofinformationtransmissionchannel.Monitoringsystemasoneofthethreesystemsisanimportantpartofhighwaytrafficflowstateandthetrafficenvironmentmonitoring,andaccordingtotheneedfortrafficflowguidanceandcontrol,ensurevehiclerunningsmooth,reducetrafficaccidents,reducetherisksofaccidents.Highwaymonitoringsystemcomposedoffieldmonitoringfacilities,thestationcontrolroomandthemonitoringcenteratalllevels,isanimportantmeansofrealizationofexpresswayoperationandmanagement. 2高速公路交通电子监控系统的目标及作用2goalsandfunctionsofhighwaytrafficelectronicmonitoringsystem 2.1监控系统的目标2.1monitoringandcontrolsystemoftarget 高速公路交通状况受车流时空分布、气候、道路线形和地形等的影响,高速公路监控系统的目标在于减少上述因素的影响,解决气候异常、事故和车辆故障等造成的交通拥挤和阻塞。具体而言,高速公路监控的主要目标有4个方面。Highwaytrafficflowspace-timedistribution,theinfluenceofclimate,topographyandroadalignment,highwaymonitoringsystemgoalistoreducetheinfluenceofthesefactors,andaddressclimateanomalies,accidentsandvehiclefailurecausedbytrafficcongestionandjams.Specifically,highwaymonitoringthemaingoalofthefouraspects. (1)准确地检测道路交通流参数和气象数据。(1)accuratelydetectroadtrafficflowparametersandmeteorologicaldata. (2)有效地监视道路交通和气候变化,及时掌握道路运营状况。(2)theeffectivemonitoringofroadtrafficandclimatechange,timelygrasptheroadoperatingconditions. (3)及时发现和处理安全隐患,减少交通事故,降低事故的严重性。(3)findanddealwiththesecurityhiddendangerintime,reducethenumberoftrafficaccidents,toreducetheseverityoftheaccident. (4)减少偶发事件、交通事故及恶劣气候对道路交通的影响。(4)toreduceaccident,trafficaccidentsandsevereweatherimpactonroadtraffic. (5)当交通量达到饱和时,利用交通流模型理论分析交通状态,对交通流进行诱导和控制,以提高路网通行能力。(5)whenthetrafficreachessaturation,theanalysistrafficcondition,usingthetheoryoftrafficflowmodelfortrafficflowguidanceandcontrol,inordertoimprovetheroadnetworktrafficcapacity. 2.2监控系统的作用2.2theroleofmonitoringandcontrolsystem 车辆行驶高速、快捷、安全、舒适是高速公路交通的本质特征。然而,偶发事件如:交通事故、车辆抛锚、货物散落和气候变化却不可避免,如果得不到及时处理,势必引起交通堵塞甚至成为安全隐患。高速公路监控系统的主要功能就在于实时检测这些异常信息,并采取及时有效的控制措施。具体而言,其主要作用如下:Vehiclespeed,quick,safe,comfortableistheessentialcharacteristicsofhighwaytraffic.However,contingencies,suchas:trafficaccident,thecarbrokedown,scatteredgoodsandclimatechangeisinevitable,ifnothandledintime,certainlywillcausetrafficjamsandevenbecomeasafetyhazard.Highwaymonitoringsystem"smainfunctionistoreal-timedetecttheanomalyinformation,andtaketimelyandeffectivecontrolmeasures.Specifically,itsmainfunctionisasfollows: (1)准确及时采集交通流、交通环境和主要交通设施的各种状态信息。(1)accurateandtimelycollectionandtrafficflow,trafficenvironmentandmainfacilitiesofallkindsofstatusinformation. (2)根据已掌握的信息,通过交通流模型分析,迅速做出有针对性的处理和优化控制方案,并立即执行。(2)accordingtotheinformationwehavetomaster,throughtheanalysisofthetrafficflowmodel,quicklymakeatargetedprocessingandoptimizationcontrolscheme,andimmediateexecution. (3)建立多种信息发布渠道,为用户提供信息服务,通过驾驶员调整驾驶行为,使交通流动态平衡。(3)establishavarietyofinformationdistributionchannels,toprovideuserswithinformationservice,viatheadjustmentofdrivingbehaviorandtrafficflowdynamicbalance. (4)进行专项监控,如用视频系统监视某大桥的车流通过情况,探测和确认交通事件及路面使用状态检测等。(4)foraspecialmonitoring,suchasuseofabridgetrafficvideomonitoringsystemthroughthecase,thetrafficincidentandpavementconditiondetectionandinspection,etc. (5)对交通事故作出快速响应,迅速排除事故根源和提供救援服务。(5)makeaquickresponseforthetrafficaccident,rapidruleoutaccidentrootcauseandproviderescueservice. (6)建立道路交通数据库,用以支持道路运行状况评价,为改善道路经营和交通管理的决策提供数据分析。(6)establishroadtrafficdatabasetosupportroadperformanceevaluation,inordertoimproveroadmanagementandtrafficmanagementdecisiontoprovidedataanalysis. 3高速公路监控系统的构成及功能3highwaymonitoringsystemstructureandfunction 根据监控系统的功能要求和设备特点,监控系统又分为交通信息采集子系统、交通状态检测子系统、交通控制子系统、交通诱导子系统和计算机网络子系统。Accordingtotherequirementsofthemonitoringsystemfunctionsandcharacteristicsoftheequipment,monitoringandcontrolsystemisdividedintotrafficinformationcollectionsubsystem,thesubsystemsoftrafficstatedetection,trafficcontrol,trafficinducementsubsystemandcomputernetworksubsystem. 3.1交通信息采集子系统3.1trafficinformationacquisitionsubsystem 该系统的功能是获取交通信息原始数据,通过车辆检测器、检测线圈、通讯设备等形成的交通量采集子系统,获得各段道路的交通量数据。通过设在重要地段的摄像机和视频传输设备获取该地段的视频实时数据;通过设在路边的紧急电话获取紧急救援信号;通过气象信息采集系统采集高速公路各个地段的能见度、温度、湿度、风向、风速、雨雪等气象条件。在这些信息中,视频数据可在计算机或电视墙上显示,并根据需要对视频数据进行抓拍记录,其他交通流数据、气象信息数据和紧急救援信号数据一般通过电子地图板或大屏幕投影的方式显示。Functionofthesystemistoobtaintrafficinformationrawdata,throughthevehicledetector,detectioncoil,formationtrafficacquisitionsubsystem,suchascommunicationsequipmentforsegmentationofroadtrafficflowdata.Throughtheimportantlocationofcamerasandvideotransmissionequipmenttogetthelocationofvideodatainrealtime;Throughtheroadsideemergencytelephoneaccesstoemergencysignal;Througheachsectionofmeteorologicalinformationcollectionsystemcollectinghighwayvisibility,temperature,humidity,winddirection,windspeed,precipitationandothermeteorologicalconditions.Inthisinformation,thevideodatacanbedisplayedonacomputerorTVonthewall,andtocapturevideodatarecord,accordingtoneedtoothertrafficflowdata,weatherinformationandemergencysignaldatathroughelectronicDeTuBanorlargescreenprojectiondisplay. 3.2交通控制子系统3.2trafficcontrolsubsystem 根据各路段的交通状态和气象条件,选择或配置交通控制方案。交通控制子系统包括:交通控制目标、交通控制参数。控制参数以一定的控制形式作用于交通流。交通控制方式可分为匝道控制、主线控制和通道控制三大类。在控制算法上,有基于稳态交通模型和动态交通模型的推导方法、基于模糊理论的算法、基于神经网络原理的算法等,这些算法在实践和交流中不断得到完善和发展,为交通控制奠定了良好的理论基础。Accordingtoeachtrafficstateofroadandweatherconditions,selectorconfigurethetrafficcontrolscheme.Trafficcontrolsubsystem,including:thetrafficcontrolobjectives,controlparameters.Controlparameterintheformofcertaincontroleffectontrafficflow.Trafficcontrolmodecanbedividedintotherampcontrol,mainlinecontrolandchannelcontrolthreecategories.Oncontrolalgorithm,isderivedbasedonstatictrafficanddynamictrafficmodelmethod,thealgorithmbasedonfuzzytheory,basedonprincipleofneuralnetworkalgorithm,thesealgorithmswasperfectedcontinuouslyinthepracticeandcommunicationandthedevelopment,laidagoodtheoreticalbasisfortrafficcontrol.3.3计算机网络子系统3.3computernetworksubsystem 计算机网络子系统将其他各个子系统通过计算机网络连接为一个整体,使之真正成为一个功能强大的有机系统。计算机网络系统包括:计算机设备、网络连接设备、计算机操作系统、数据库系统、计算机网络管理、监控系统应用程序。Computernetworksubsystemconnectothersubsystemsthroughthecomputernetworkasawhole,tomakeitreallybecomeapowerfulorganicsystem.Computernetworksystem,including:computerequipment,Internetconnection,computeroperatingsystem,databasesystem,computernetworkmanagement,monitoringandcontrolsystemapplications. 4高速公路监控系统技术分析4highwaymonitoringsystemoftechnicalanalysis 4.1监控的目的和功能4.1monitorthepurposesandfunctions 高速公路监控系统由信息采集、数据传输、中心控制和信息发布等组成。在中心控制子系统的统一管理下,通过公路沿线的车辆检测器、气象检测器、能见度检测器、摄像机等信息采集设备,准确计算道路交通数据,有效监测道路的交通、气象状况,及时掌握道路运营状况,将交通量分布、气象参数、车辆运行情况等信息即时采集到监控分中心,经计算机处理形成交通控制方案,再经过可变信息标志、可变限速标志发布诱导信息,不仅有利于交通管理部门针对已经出现或即将出现的拥堵情况进行交通分配、诱导和控制,避免和疏导交通拥堵,同时也为出行者提供有意义的参考,协调道路使用者在合适的时间选择最佳路径,最快的到达目的地,避免时间和金钱的浪费,使高速公路的交通流始终保持在最佳的运行状态,及时发现和处理交通事故并减少事故的发生率,提高道路通行能力。Highwaymonitoringsystembyinformationcollection,datatransmission,centercontrol,andinformationrelease,etc.Underthecentercontrolsub-systemofunifiedmanagement,throughalongthehighwayvehicledetector,detector,meteorologicalvisibilitydetector,informationcollectionequipmentsuchascameras,accuratecalculationofroadtrafficdata,theeffectivemonitoringofroadtraffic,weatherconditions,timelygrasptheroadoperatingconditions,thetrafficvolumedistribution,meteorologicalparameters,vehiclerunningstatusinformationsuchasreal-timemonitoringinformationcollected,thetrafficcontrolschemewasformedbycomputerprocessing,throughthevariablemessagesigns,variablespeedlimitsignreleaseinducedbyinformation,isnotonlybeneficialtothetrafficmanagementdepartmenttosolvetheproblemofcongestionhasappearedorisabouttoappearintrafficassignment,inducingandcontrolling,preventandeasetrafficcongestion,butalsoprovidemeaningfulreferencefortraveler,tocoordinateroadusersattherighttimetochoosethebestpath,thefastesttoreachitsdestination,avoidthewasteoftimeandmoney,keepthehighwaytrafficflowisalwaysinthebestrunningstate,timelydetectionandhandlingoftrafficaccidentsandreducetheincidenceofaccidents,improvethetrafficcapacity. 4.2监控过程4.2monitortheprocess 交通监控过程,输出为车辆运行状态,输入为控制指标,受控对象为交通流,道路、交通和气象环境等各种影响交通流的因素作为系统的干扰输入表征交通流状态特征的信息历经采集、处理、决策和执行各个环节,遵循反馈控制原理,按预定指标完成控制任务。Trafficmonitoringprocess,theoutputofvehiclesrunningstate,inputascontrolindex,thecontrolledobjecttotrafficflow,road,trafficandweatherconditionsandotherfactors,whichaffectthetrafficflowstateinterferenceassysteminputcharacterizationoftrafficflowcharacteristicsoftheinformationthroughthecollection,processing,decision-makingandimplementationeachlink,andfollowthefeedbackcontrolprinciple,controltasksaredoneaccordingtotarget. 4.3监控分中心4.3monitorthesub-center 监控分中心是介于信息采集子系统和信息提供子系统之间的中间环节,是监控系统的核心部分。它的主要职能是信息的接受、分析、判断、预测、确认、交通异常事件的处理决策、指令发布、设备运行状态的监视和控制等。监控分中心通常由计算机系统、室内显示设备和监控系统控制台组成。监控分中心有集中式和分布式等多种形式,其功能随监控系统类型的不同有所差别,但基本功能是一致的,即信息的分析、处理、交通控制和管理的辅助决策。根据监控系统的功能要求,监控分中心主要硬件设备应包括综合控制台、显示设备和计算机系统。Monitoringinformationisbetweeninformationcollectionsubsystemandinformationsubsystemoftheintermediatelinks,isthecorepartofthemonitoringsystem.Itsmainfunctionistoinformation,analysis,judgement,predictionandrecognition,trafficabnormalincidenthandlingdecisions,ordersissued,theequipmentrunningstatusmonitoringandcontrol,etc.Monitoringsub-centerusuallybycomputersystem,indoordisplayequipmentandmonitoringsystemoftheconsole.Monitoringinformationhasavarietyofformssuchascentralizedanddistributed,itsfunctionisdifferentwithdifferenttypesofmonitoringandcontrolsystem,butthebasicfunctionalityisconsistent,namely,informationanalysisandprocessing,trafficcontrolandmanagementofassistantdecision-making.Basedonthefunctionofthemonitoringsystem,monitoringbranchmainhardwareequipmentshouldincludecomprehensiveconsole,displaydevices,andcomputersystems. 4.4外场监控系统4.4fieldmonitoringsystem 为了完成监视和控制功能,监控系统除了监控分中心子系统外还包括若干外场设备,它们分属于交通信息采集子系统和交通信息提供子系统(即交通诱导子系统)。信息采集子系统是高速公路上设置的用来采集信息的设备和配备。采集的信息主要包括如下几个方面:交通流信息;气象信息;道路环境信息;异常事件信息等。高速公路信息采集的方式有人工的,也有自动的。主要有以下几种:车辆检测装置;能见度检测装置;闭路电视;紧急电话。交通信息发布子系统即交通诱导子系统,是在高速公路上设置的用来向道路使用者提供道路交通信息和诱导控制指令,以及向管理、救助部门和社会提供求助指令或道路交通信息的设施,其主要设备包括可变信息标志、可变限速标志和路侧广播等。Inordertocompletethemonitoringandcontrolfunctions,supervisorysysteminadditiontomonitoringinformationsubsystemincludesanumberoffielddevices,theybelongtothetrafficinformationcollectionsubsystemandtrafficinformationsubsystem(thatis,trafficinducementsubsystem).Informationacquisitionsubsystemissetonthehighwaytocollectinformationoftheequipmentandisequippedwith.Acquisitionofinformationmainlyincludesfollowingseveralaspects:trafficflowinformation;Meteorologicalinformation;Roadenvironmentinformation;Abnormaleventsinformation,etc.Highwayshaveartificialinformationacquisitionway,thereareautomatic.Basicallyhasthefollowingkinds:vehicledetectiondevice;Visibilitydetectiondevice;Closed-circuittelevision(CCTV);Anemergencyphonecall.Transportationinformationissuesubsystemtrafficinducedsubsystem,issetuponthehighwaytoprovidetrafficinformationtoroadusersandtheinductioncontrolinstruction,andseekhelpfrommanagement,rescuedepartmentandthesocietytoprovideinstructionsorfacilitiesofroadtrafficinformation,themainequipmentincludesvariablemessagesigns,variablespeedlimitsignsandroadsideradio,etc. 5结束语5conclusion 高速公路电子监控系统是高速公路控制系统的重要组成部分之一,为高速公路提供了有效的交通管理、控制、监视、诱导,是交通监控的良好手段。Highwayelectronicmonitoringsystemisanimportantpartofthecontrolsystemofhighway,highwayprovidesanefficienttrafficmanagement,control,monitoring,induction,isagoodmeansoftrafficmonitoring.
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